Challenges and perspectives of smart grid systems in islands: a real case study

Islands like Ponza face unique challenges in achieving energy sustainability, primarily due to their reliance on imported diesel fuel. This dependency leads to high costs and frequent instability. Transitioning to renewable energy sources (RESs), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, offers a promising alternative. However, intermittent energy production, limited storage options, and environmental constraints complicate the integration of RESs. Advanced technologies, including machine learning and deep learning, are instrumental in predicting energy demand and optimizing grid management.

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) play a pivotal role in stabilizing power grids with high RES penetration. For Ponza, the planned BESS infrastructure will provide a spinning reserve, manage fluctuations in RES production, and ensure consistent electricity supply during peak tourist seasons. Modernizing the grid further involves integrating automation, enabling real-time adjustments to power flows, and facilitating the seamless incorporation of new RES installations.

Artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques are applied to forecast energy production and demand accurately. These predictions are essential for designing efficient energy storage solutions and ensuring optimal use of RESs. On Ponza, machine learning models estimate future energy demand, incorporating variables like tourist influx, seasonal trends, and new electricity-driven initiatives such as electric vehicle charging stations and water desalination units.

Achieving the 2030 targets outlined for Ponza involves significant upgrades to energy infrastructure. These include deploying RES systems with a capacity of up to 2.16 MW, installing advanced BESSs, and modernizing grid operations. By addressing environmental and logistical constraints, this approach aligns energy production with demand, reduces diesel reliance, and fosters long-term sustainability. The integration of smart grid systems ensures adaptability and efficiency, setting a benchmark for other islands globally.